which proton do you use? there is an unpleasant feature since version 4.x.x requires a running steam; if you open the RUN file there is a mention in the last lines "steam.exe "; if you do not run steam, then the emulation does not pass d3d does not work out such errors fly out.(well, or so I understood it)
of course, you can run steam for the test and if the problem is solved, simply edit the startup file eliminating the need for steam
at least your screenshots reminded me of exactly this problem that I once struggled with.
last 5 lines run file (proton 4.11)
SteamGameId="9420"
SteamAppId="9420"
WINEDLLOVERRIDES="mfplay=n;dxvk_config=n;d3d11=n;d3d10=n;d3d10core=n;d3d10_1=n"
STEAM_COMPAT_CLIENT_INSTALL_PATH="/home/user/.steam/debian-installation"
"/home/user/.steam/debian-installation/steamapps/common/Proton 4.11/dist/bin/wine" "${@:-${DEF_CMD[@]}}"
WINEDLLOVERRIDES="..." - must not contain arguments "steam"
STEAM_COMPAT_CLIENT_INSTALL_PATH="..." - must not contain "steam.exe" between words .../wine" and "${@:-${DEF_CMD[@]}}"